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Arius
Christian priest and heretic, whose teachings gave rise to the doctrine of Arianism. He was leader of a Christian community near Alexandria, where he preached doctrines that combined Neoplatonism with a literal, rationalist interpretation of biblical texts. By asserting the absolute oneness and immutability of God, he called into question the divinity of Christ. His views were publicized through his major work, Thalia (c.323). In 325 the Council of Nicaea declared him a heretic. He was striving to compromise his views and win readmission to the church when he died suddenly in Constantinople. The Arian heresy posed a threat to Christian orthodoxy for several centuries.


Atreus
In Greek legend, the son of Pelops. Atreus became king of Mycenae and drove out his brother Thyestes. Plagued by a curse on the house of Pelops, Atreus murdered his own son Pleisthenes and was eventually killed by the nephew he had raised as a son. Two more sons, Agamemnon and Menelaus, fought in the Trojan War.


-->Darius I

King of Persia (522-486 BC). He was the son of Hystaspes, satrap of Parthia. Much of what is known of him is through his own inscriptions. He took the throne by force, killing Bardiya, a son of Cyrus the Great, who had usurped power. He continued the conquests of his predecessors, subduing Thrace, Macedonia, some Aegean islands, and land stretching to the Indus Valley. He failed in his great expedition against the Scythians (513), but put down the Ionian revolt (499), which had been supported by Eretria and Athens. After that he twice tried to conquer Greece, but a storm destroyed his fleet in 492 and the Athenians defeated him at the Battle of Marathon in 490. He died before a third expedition could be launched. Among the greatest of the Achaemenian dynasty, he was noted for his administrative genius and his building projects, especially those at Persepolis.


Jarmusch
U.S. film director and screenwriter. Born in Akron, Ohio, he studied at Columbia Univ. and NYU Film School. His first film, Stranger Than Paradise (1984), established his reputation as a new voice in independent film. His later films include the offbeat comedies Down by Law (1986), Mystery Train (1989), and Night on Earth (1992). His later films include Year of the Horse (1997), a rock-concert documentary, Dead Man (1995), and Ghost Dog (1999).


Larousse
French publisher, lexicographer, and encyclopedist. Son of a blacksmith, he received a scholarship to study in Versailles. He founded his publishing house, Librairie Larousse, in Paris in 1852. It published textbooks, grammar books, and dictionaries, but his major work, reflecting his desire "to teach everyone about everything," was the combined dictionary and encyclopedia Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe si\u00e8 cle (17 vols., 1866-76). Librairie Larousse continues to publish a multivolume encyclopedia as well as dictionaries and smaller ...

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