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Barrault
French actor and director. He made his acting debut in Paris (1931) and joined the Com\u00e9 die-Fran\u00e7 aise (1940-46) as an actor and director. He and his wife, Madeleine Renaud, formed their own company (1946-58) at the Th\u00e9 \u00e2 tre Marigny. There they performed a mixture of French and foreign classics and modern plays that helped revive French theater after World War II. He was appointed director of the Th\u00e9 \u00e2 tre de France (1959-68) and later directed at several other Paris theaters (1972-81). He appeared in over 20 films and was best known for his role in The Children of Paradise (1945).


Gargas
Cave in S France, discovered in 1887, containing murals from the Aurignacian Period. On its clay walls and ceiling are finger tracings and engraved pictures of wild horses, bison, and mammoths cut into the rock with a sharp tool. They may have functioned as magical images related to hunting and animal fertility. The most distinctive feature is the numerous human hand silhouettes painted in red and black, both as "negative" prints (made by paint blown around and between the fingers while the hand is pressed against the wall) and as "positive" prints (made by hands dipped in paint). The oldest form of painting known (dating to c.30,000 BC), hand silhouettes are widespread in the art of hunter-and-gatherer societies worldwide.


Paraguay
Nation, S central S. America. Area: 157,043 sq mi (406,741 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 5,089,000. Capital: Asunci\u00f3 n. Most of the people are mestizo (mixed Spanish and Guaran\u00ed Indian); there are much smaller groups of Indians, blacks, Caucasians, and Asians. Languages: Spanish and Guaran\u00ed (both official). Religion: Roman Catholicism (88% of the population). Currency: Guaran\u00ed . Paraguay is a landlocked country of plains and swampland. The Paraguay River, flowing from north to south, divides the country into two geographic regions: the Eastern Region, which is an extension of the Brazilian Plateau; and the Western Region, which forms the N part of the Gran Chaco plains. It has a developing market economy that is based largely on agriculture, trade, and light industries. It is a republic with two legislative houses; its chief of state and government is the president. Seminomadic tribes speaking Guaran\u00ed were in the area long before it was settled by Spain in the 16th-17th cent. Paraguay was part of the viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata until it became independent in 1811. It suffered from dictatorial governments in the 19th cent. and from the 1865 war with Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. The Chaco War with Bolivia over disputed territory was settled primarily in Paraguay's favor by the peace treaty of 1938. Military governments, incl. that of A. Stroessner, predominated in the mid-20th cent. until the election of a civilian president, Juan Carlos Wasmosy, in 1993. It suffered from a financial crisis in the late ...

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